Comprehensive English Exam Prep: Grade 12 Semester 2 (Soal Bahasa Inggris Kelas 12 Semester 2)

1. If he had studied harder, he ____ the exam.

• would pass
• would have passed
• will pass
• passes

Answer: would have passed

Explanation: This is a Type 3 Conditional sentence, which talks about an unreal past condition and its unreal past result. The structure is ‘If + Past Perfect, would have + Past Participle.’

2. The window ____ by a naughty boy yesterday.

• breaks
• was broken
• has broken
• is broken

Answer: was broken

Explanation: The sentence is in the past tense (‘yesterday’) and requires a passive voice construction because the window is receiving the action. The structure for past simple passive is ‘was/were + Past Participle.’

3. “I will call you tomorrow,” she said. She said that she ____ me the next day.

• would call
• will call
• calls
• called

Answer: would call

Explanation: This is reported speech. ‘Will’ changes to ‘would’ and ‘tomorrow’ changes to ‘the next day’ or ‘the following day.’

4. Students ____ wear uniforms to school. It’s a strict rule.

• might
• should
• must
• could

Answer: must

Explanation: ‘Must’ is used to express strong obligation or necessity, which fits ‘It’s a strict rule.’

5. What is the main purpose of an analytical exposition text?

• To entertain the reader
• To describe a specific place
• To persuade the reader that something is the case
• To tell a past event

Answer: To persuade the reader that something is the case

Explanation: An analytical exposition aims to persuade the reader by presenting arguments and evidence supporting a specific viewpoint or thesis.

6. Which of the following is typically NOT found in a caption text?

• Identification of subjects
• Contextual information
• Lengthy narrative story
• Date and location

Answer: Lengthy narrative story

Explanation: Caption texts are usually concise and provide brief information about an image or video, not long narratives.

7. This is the book ____ I borrowed from the library.

• who
• whom
• whose
• which

Answer: which

Explanation: ‘Which’ is used as a relative pronoun for things or objects.

8. I need to ____ this problem before the deadline.

• look into
• look up
• look for
• look out

Answer: look into

Explanation: ‘Look into’ means to investigate or examine something, which fits the context of needing to solve a problem.

9. She was tired ____ she had worked all day.

• but
• so
• because
• although

Answer: because

Explanation: ‘Because’ is used to introduce a reason or cause for something.

10. By the time I arrived, the movie ____ already ____.

• had / started
• has / started
• was / starting
• is / starting

Answer: had / started

Explanation: This describes an action that was completed before another action in the past, which requires the Past Perfect tense (had + Past Participle).

11. Choose the synonym for “diligent.”

• Lazy
• Hardworking
• Careless
• Slow

Answer: Hardworking

Explanation: ‘Diligent’ means showing care and conscientiousness in one’s work or duties, which is synonymous with hardworking.

12. (Read the short text below) “Global warming is a serious issue that demands immediate action. The increasing temperatures are causing polar ice caps to melt, leading to rising sea levels and threatening coastal areas.” What can be inferred from the text?

• Global warming is not a big deal.
• Coastal areas are safe from rising sea levels.
• Climate change is happening and has consequences.
• Polar ice caps are getting bigger.

Answer: Climate change is happening and has consequences.

Explanation: The text explicitly states that global warming is a serious issue, temperatures are increasing, and polar ice caps are melting, leading to rising sea levels, all of which are consequences of climate change.

13. What is the main idea of a text discussing the benefits of exercise?

• How to prepare healthy meals.
• The importance of regular physical activity for health.
• Different types of sports.
• The history of Olympic games.

Answer: The importance of regular physical activity for health.

Explanation: The main idea of a text about the benefits of exercise would focus on why exercise is good for one’s health.

14. If you want to achieve your dreams, you ____ to work hard.

• should have
• will be
• had better
• are going

Answer: had better

Explanation: ‘Had better’ is used to give strong advice or warning, indicating that working hard is necessary for achieving dreams.

15. The new bridge ____ by the construction company next year.

• will be built
• is built
• was built
• has been built

Answer: will be built

Explanation: This sentence describes a future action in the passive voice. The structure is ‘will be + Past Participle.’

16. If I ____ a millionaire, I ____ around the world.

• am / would travel
• were / would travel
• was / will travel
• had been / would have traveled

Answer: were / would travel

Explanation: This is a Type 2 Conditional sentence, used for hypothetical or unreal situations in the present or future. The structure is ‘If + Simple Past, would + Base Form.’ (‘were’ is preferred for ‘I’ in conditional type 2).

17. He asked, “Where did you go?” He asked me where ____.

• I had gone
• I went
• did I go
• have I gone

Answer: I had gone

Explanation: When reporting a past simple question, it changes to past perfect, and the word order becomes subject-verb (not inverted).

18. Which section of an analytical exposition typically presents the author’s viewpoint or stance on the issue?

• Reiteration
• Arguments
• Thesis Statement
• Conclusion

Answer: Thesis Statement

Explanation: The thesis statement, usually in the introduction, clearly states the author’s position on the topic.

19. The company decided to ____ the new product due to low demand.

• launch
• promote
• withdraw
• distribute

Answer: withdraw

Explanation: ‘Withdraw’ means to remove or take away, which fits the context of discontinuing a product due to low demand.

20. Heavy rain ____ caused the flood in the city.

• is due to
• led to
• resulted in
• was because of

Answer: resulted in

Explanation: ‘Resulted in’ correctly expresses a cause-and-effect relationship, meaning the heavy rain caused the flood.

1. Summarize the main point of the following sentence in your own words: “Despite advancements in technology, human interaction remains crucial for fostering empathy and understanding in society.”

Answer: Technology cannot fully replace human interaction, which is essential for developing empathy and mutual understanding among people.

Explanation: The summary captures the core idea that human interaction is indispensable for empathy and understanding, even with technological progress.

2. What is the primary purpose of a caption accompanying a photograph of a historical event?

Answer: To provide context and factual information about the photograph, such as who, what, when, and where, to help viewers understand its significance.

Explanation: Captions for historical photos are crucial for providing necessary details to interpret the image correctly and understand its historical importance.

3. Explain the difference between ‘must’ and ‘should’ when giving advice.

Answer: ‘Must’ expresses a strong obligation or necessity, implying that something is absolutely required. ‘Should’ expresses a recommendation or a weaker obligation, suggesting something is advisable but not strictly mandatory.

Explanation: The explanation highlights the degree of obligation each modal verb conveys.

4. A sign reads: “Wet Floor. Use caution.” What advice does this sign implicitly give?

Answer: It advises people to walk carefully or be wary of slipping because the floor is wet and potentially dangerous.

Explanation: The sign warns of a hazard and instructs people to take preventative measures.

5. Why is it important to use varied sentence structures in writing?

Answer: Using varied sentence structures makes writing more engaging, improves readability, prevents monotony, and allows for more nuanced expression of ideas.

Explanation: Varied sentence structures contribute to better style, clarity, and reader engagement.

1. Write an analytical exposition text (minimum 150 words) arguing for the importance of critical thinking skills in the digital age.

Answer: Model Answer: “The digital age, characterized by an overwhelming influx of information from various sources, has made critical thinking skills more indispensable than ever. It is no longer sufficient to merely consume information; individuals must possess the ability to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize data to form informed opinions. Firstly, critical thinking is vital for discerning credible information from misinformation and fake news. With the proliferation of unverified content online, individuals who lack critical thinking skills are susceptible to manipulation and can inadvertently spread false narratives. A critical thinker questions the source, cross-references facts, and identifies biases, thereby acting as a filter against disinformation. Secondly, these skills are crucial for effective problem-solving in a rapidly evolving technological landscape. The challenges of the digital age, from cybersecurity threats to ethical dilemmas concerning AI, require innovative and thoughtful solutions. Critical thinkers can break down complex problems, consider multiple perspectives, and devise logical strategies. Moreover, critical thinking fosters intellectual independence. Instead of passively accepting prevailing opinions, individuals are empowered to form their own conclusions based on evidence and reason. This autonomy is essential for democratic participation and personal growth in a society where opinions are constantly shaped by algorithms and social media trends. In conclusion, critical thinking is not just an academic exercise but a fundamental life skill for navigating the complexities of the digital age. Cultivating these abilities equips individuals to be responsible consumers of information, effective problem-solvers, and independent thinkers, thereby ensuring a more informed and resilient society.”

Explanation: This model answer demonstrates a clear thesis, three well-developed arguments with supporting explanations, and a strong reiteration, characteristic of an analytical exposition. It meets the length and content requirements.

2. Discuss the pros and cons of online learning compared to traditional classroom learning. Which method do you believe is more effective for most students, and why?

Answer: Model Answer: “Online learning and traditional classroom learning both offer distinct advantages and disadvantages, each catering to different student needs and learning styles. The effectiveness of either method often depends on individual circumstances. Online learning provides unparalleled flexibility, allowing students to learn at their own pace and often on their own schedule. It can also be more accessible for those in remote areas or with specific mobility challenges. Furthermore, online platforms often offer a wealth of digital resources and interactive tools. However, online learning can lack the direct, immediate feedback and social interaction crucial for some students. It requires high levels of self-discipline and motivation, and technical issues can disrupt the learning process. Traditional classroom learning, on the other hand, offers a structured environment with direct teacher interaction and peer collaboration. The physical presence of an instructor can provide immediate clarification, foster deeper discussions, and create a sense of community. This method often promotes better accountability and reduces distractions for many students. Its downsides include less flexibility, potential for geographical limitations, and often a fixed pace that may not suit all learners. For most students, I believe traditional classroom learning remains more effective. The structured environment, immediate instructor feedback, and opportunities for spontaneous peer interaction are invaluable for comprehensive learning and social development. While online learning has its merits, especially for self-motivated or niche learners, the holistic experience and direct support offered in a physical classroom often provide a more robust and engaging educational foundation for the majority.”

Explanation: The answer provides a balanced discussion of pros and cons for both learning methods and concludes with a well-reasoned stance, backed by arguments.

3. “Technology isolates people.” Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Provide arguments to support your stance.

Answer: Model Answer: “While technology has undeniably brought us closer in many ways, it is also plausible to argue that it isolates people, particularly when its use becomes excessive or replaces genuine face-to-face interaction. I largely agree with the statement that technology can lead to isolation, primarily due to several key factors. Firstly, the reliance on digital communication platforms can reduce the quality and depth of human connection. Texting or social media interactions, while convenient, often lack the nuances of body language, tone of voice, and direct eye contact that are essential for fostering true empathy and understanding. This superficiality can leave individuals feeling less connected despite constant digital interaction. Secondly, the curated nature of online personas can create a false sense of connection and fuel social comparison. People often present idealized versions of their lives online, leading others to feel inadequate or lonely when comparing their reality to these digital facades. This can ironically increase feelings of isolation rather than diminishing them. Furthermore, the addictive nature of screens and social media can lead individuals to prioritize virtual worlds over real-world engagements. Hours spent scrolling can replace time that could be spent with family, friends, or engaging in community activities. This displacement of real-life interactions inevitably leads to increased physical and social isolation. In conclusion, while technology offers incredible tools for bridging distances, its potential for isolating individuals is significant. The superficiality of digital interactions, the pressures of curated online lives, and the diversion from real-world engagement all contribute to a sense of detachment, making it a double-edged sword for human connection.”

Explanation: This model answer takes a clear stance, providing three distinct arguments, each with elaboration, to support the thesis that technology can isolate people.

4. Reflect on a time when you had to use English to communicate in a challenging situation. Describe the situation, the challenges you faced, and what you learned from the experience.

Answer: Model Answer: “One challenging situation where I had to extensively use English was during a solo trip to Japan. I was trying to navigate the Tokyo subway system to reach a specific temple, and my mobile data unexpectedly ran out, rendering my online maps useless. The challenge was immense as very few people at the station spoke English, and my Japanese was limited to basic greetings. The primary challenge was the language barrier. I couldn’t explain my predicament clearly, nor could I fully understand the directions given by the station staff who attempted to help. The subway map itself was daunting, with multiple lines and complex station names, mostly in Japanese characters. I felt a surge of panic and frustration, realizing how dependent I had become on technology and how unprepared I was for such a basic communication breakdown. I struggled to articulate the name of my destination clearly, and people’s attempts to guide me were often lost in translation, leading to confusion and multiple wrong turns. From this experience, I learned several valuable lessons. Firstly, the importance of basic survival phrases in the local language, even if just a few. Secondly, the power of non-verbal communication – pointing, drawing, and using gestures became my primary tools. Most importantly, I learned the value of patience and perseverance. Despite the initial frustration, I kept trying to ask for help, eventually finding a kind elderly woman who, despite speaking minimal English, drew a simplified map for me and pointed me in the correct direction. This experience significantly boosted my confidence in using English in real-world, high-pressure situations, forcing me to think creatively and adapt my communication strategies.”

Explanation: This model answer describes a personal experience, detailing the situation, specific challenges (language barrier, reliance on technology, navigation), and clear lessons learned, fulfilling the prompt’s requirements.

5. Compare and contrast “Analytical Exposition” and “Hortatory Exposition” texts, highlighting their similarities and differences in purpose, structure, and language features.

Answer: Model Answer: “Both Analytical Exposition and Hortatory Exposition are persuasive text types that aim to convince the reader of a particular viewpoint. However, they differ significantly in the strength of their recommendation and their ultimate call to action. In terms of purpose, an Analytical Exposition aims to present a detailed argument to persuade the reader that a certain idea or issue is important or should be considered in a particular way. It focuses on clarifying the ‘what’ and ‘why’ of a phenomenon. In contrast, a Hortatory Exposition goes a step further; its purpose is not just to persuade that something is important, but to urge the reader to do something or take action regarding the issue. It focuses on the ‘what should be done’. Their structure reflects this difference. Both begin with a Thesis Statement in the introduction, clearly stating the author’s position. They then follow with Arguments, presenting logical points supported by evidence. The key difference lies in their concluding sections. An Analytical Exposition concludes with a Reiteration (or conclusion) that restates the thesis and summarizes the arguments, leaving the reader with a reinforced understanding. A Hortatory Exposition, however, concludes with a Recommendation (or call to action), explicitly suggesting what the reader or society should do, often using modal verbs like ‘should’, ‘must’, or ‘ought to’. Regarding language features, both frequently use causal conjunctions (e.g., because, since, consequently), evaluative language (e.g., important, crucial), and mental verbs (e.g., believe, think). However, Hortatory Expositions heavily employ modal verbs of obligation and necessity in their recommendation section, such as ‘we should…’, ‘it is vital that…’, ‘students must…’. Analytical Expositions use modals for logical deduction (e.g., ‘this might lead to’, ‘it could be concluded’) but are less directive in their conclusion. In summary, while both expositions persuade, the Analytical Exposition aims to inform and convince about the truth of a statement, while the Hortatory Exposition aims to motivate action and change.”

Explanation: The model answer clearly defines both text types, then compares and contrasts them across purpose, structure, and language features, providing specific examples for each.

1. Match the grammar term with its correct definition.

Answer: The correct pairs are listed in the ‘pairs’ section.

Explanation: This exercise tests knowledge of basic grammatical terminology.

2. Match the text type with its primary social function.

Answer: The correct pairs are listed in the ‘pairs’ section.

Explanation: This exercise tests knowledge of common text types and their purposes.