Tingkatkan pemahaman Anda tentang Direct and Indirect Speech dalam Bahasa Inggris dengan kumpulan contoh soal terlengkap ini. Artikel ini menyediakan berbagai jenis latihan, mulai dari pilihan ganda, isian singkat, esai, hingga soal menjodohkan, yang dirancang khusus untuk mengasah kemampuan Anda mengubah kalimat langsung menjadi tidak langsung dan sebaliknya. Pelajari perubahan tenses, pronoun, serta keterangan waktu dan tempat yang terjadi saat “reporting speech”. Baik Anda seorang pelajar yang sedang mempersiapkan ujian atau pembelajar mandiri yang ingin menguasai tata bahasa Inggris, latihan ini akan sangat membantu. Dengan panduan jawaban dan penjelasan mendetail, Anda tidak hanya akan menemukan jawaban yang benar, tetapi juga memahami alasan di baliknya. Mulai latihan Anda sekarang dan kuasai Direct and Indirect Speech!
Multiple Choice
1. He said, “I am watching a movie.” What is the indirect speech of this sentence?
- He said that he is watching a movie.
- He said that he had watched a movie.
- He said that he was watching a movie.
- He said that I was watching a movie.
Answer: He said that he was watching a movie.
Explanation: When converting to indirect speech, the present continuous tense (am watching) changes to past continuous tense (was watching), and the pronoun ‘I’ changes to ‘he’ to match the subject of the reporting verb.
2. She asked, “Are you coming to the party?” What is the indirect speech?
- She asked that I am coming to the party.
- She asked if I am coming to the party.
- She asked if I was coming to the party.
- She asked if you were coming to the party.
Answer: She asked if I was coming to the party.
Explanation: For a yes/no question, ‘if’ or ‘whether’ is used. The sentence structure changes from interrogative to assertive, and the tense shifts from present continuous to past continuous. ‘You’ changes to ‘I’ if the question is directed at the speaker.
3. They said, “We went to Jakarta yesterday.” What is the indirect speech?
- They said that they went to Jakarta the day before.
- They said that they had gone to Jakarta yesterday.
- They said that they had gone to Jakarta the day before.
- They said that we had gone to Jakarta the day before.
Answer: They said that they had gone to Jakarta the day before.
Explanation: Past simple tense (went) changes to past perfect tense (had gone), and ‘yesterday’ changes to ‘the day before’ in indirect speech.
4. He told me, “Close the door!” What is the indirect speech?
- He told me that I closed the door.
- He told me to close the door.
- He told me if I close the door.
- He told me close the door.
Answer: He told me to close the door.
Explanation: For imperative sentences (commands), ‘to’ + infinitive is used. The reporting verb ‘told’ is appropriate here.
5. Mother said, “The sun rises in the east.” What is the indirect speech?
- Mother said that the sun rose in the east.
- Mother said that the sun was rising in the east.
- Mother said that the sun rises in the east.
- Mother said that the sun had risen in the east.
Answer: Mother said that the sun rises in the east.
Explanation: General truths or universal facts do not change their tense in indirect speech.
6. She complained, “I have been waiting for an hour.” What is the indirect speech?
- She complained that she has been waiting for an hour.
- She complained that she had been waiting for an hour.
- She complained that she was waiting for an hour.
- She complained that I had been waiting for an hour.
Answer: She complained that she had been waiting for an hour.
Explanation: Present perfect continuous (have been waiting) changes to past perfect continuous (had been waiting) in indirect speech.
7. He asked, “Where do you live?” What is the indirect speech?
- He asked where do I live.
- He asked where I live.
- He asked where I lived.
- He asked where did I live.
Answer: He asked where I lived.
Explanation: For WH-questions, the WH-word is used as a conjunction. The sentence structure becomes assertive, and the tense shifts from present simple to past simple. ‘Do’ is removed.
8. The teacher said, “You must submit your homework by Friday.” What is the indirect speech?
- The teacher said that I must submit my homework by Friday.
- The teacher said that I had to submit my homework by Friday.
- The teacher said that I would submit my homework by Friday.
- The teacher said that I submitted my homework by Friday.
Answer: The teacher said that I had to submit my homework by Friday.
Explanation: ‘Must’ often changes to ‘had to’ in indirect speech, especially when it expresses obligation. Pronoun ‘You’ changes to ‘I’.
9. My friend exclaimed, “What a beautiful view!” What is the indirect speech?
- My friend exclaimed what a beautiful view.
- My friend exclaimed that it is a very beautiful view.
- My friend exclaimed that it was a very beautiful view.
- My friend exclaimed what beautiful view it was.
Answer: My friend exclaimed that it was a very beautiful view.
Explanation: Exclamatory sentences are converted into assertive sentences using reporting verbs like ‘exclaimed’ or ‘wondered’ and often adding ‘very’ or ‘great’ to emphasize. The tense shifts from present to past.
10. She whispered, “I will never forget this day.” What is the indirect speech?
- She whispered that she will never forget this day.
- She whispered that she would never forget this day.
- She whispered that she would never forget that day.
- She whispered that I would never forget that day.
Answer: She whispered that she would never forget that day.
Explanation: ‘Will’ changes to ‘would’ in indirect speech, and ‘this day’ changes to ‘that day’.
11. He asked, “How many books did you buy?” What is the indirect speech?
- He asked how many books I bought.
- He asked how many books did I buy.
- He asked how many books I had bought.
- He asked how many books had I bought.
Answer: He asked how many books I had bought.
Explanation: The past simple (did buy) changes to past perfect (had bought) in indirect speech, and the question becomes an assertive statement.
12. The tourist said, “I want to visit Borobudur tomorrow.” What is the indirect speech?
- The tourist said that he wants to visit Borobudur tomorrow.
- The tourist said that he wanted to visit Borobudur tomorrow.
- The tourist said that he wanted to visit Borobudur the next day.
- The tourist said that I wanted to visit Borobudur the next day.
Answer: The tourist said that he wanted to visit Borobudur the next day.
Explanation: ‘Want’ (present simple) changes to ‘wanted’ (past simple), and ‘tomorrow’ changes to ‘the next day’ or ‘the following day’.
13. My father warned, “Do not touch that wire!” What is the indirect speech?
- My father warned me to not touch that wire.
- My father warned me that I did not touch that wire.
- My father warned me not to touch that wire.
- My father warned me do not touch that wire.
Answer: My father warned me not to touch that wire.
Explanation: Negative imperatives use ‘not to’ + infinitive. The reporting verb ‘warned’ is appropriate.
14. She told her friend, “I can help you with your project.” What is the indirect speech?
- She told her friend that she can help her with her project.
- She told her friend that she could help her with her project.
- She told her friend that she might help her with her project.
- She told her friend that I could help you with your project.
Answer: She told her friend that she could help her with her project.
Explanation: ‘Can’ changes to ‘could’ in indirect speech. Pronouns ‘I’ and ‘you’ adjust to ‘she’ and ‘her’ respectively.
15. The boy admitted, “I stole the cookie.” What is the indirect speech?
- The boy admitted that he stole the cookie.
- The boy admitted that he has stolen the cookie.
- The boy admitted that he had stolen the cookie.
- The boy admitted that I had stolen the cookie.
Answer: The boy admitted that he had stolen the cookie.
Explanation: Past simple (stole) changes to past perfect (had stolen).
16. He said, “I may go to the concert tonight.” What is the indirect speech?
- He said that he may go to the concert tonight.
- He said that he might go to the concert tonight.
- He said that he might go to the concert that night.
- He said that I might go to the concert that night.
Answer: He said that he might go to the concert that night.
Explanation: ‘May’ usually changes to ‘might’. ‘Tonight’ changes to ‘that night’.
17. The doctor advised, “You should take a rest.” What is the indirect speech?
- The doctor advised me that I should take a rest.
- The doctor advised me to take a rest.
- The doctor advised me that I would take a rest.
- The doctor advised me take a rest.
Answer: The doctor advised me to take a rest.
Explanation: When ‘should’ is used for advice, it’s often transformed into ‘to’ + infinitive in indirect speech with reporting verbs like ‘advised’. Alternatively, ‘that I should take a rest’ is also correct, but ‘to take a rest’ is more common for advice/commands.
18. She wondered, “Will it rain tomorrow?” What is the indirect speech?
- She wondered if it will rain tomorrow.
- She wondered if it would rain tomorrow.
- She wondered if it would rain the next day.
- She wondered that it would rain the next day.
Answer: She wondered if it would rain the next day.
Explanation: For yes/no questions, ‘if’ or ‘whether’ is used. ‘Will’ changes to ‘would’, and ‘tomorrow’ changes to ‘the next day’.
19. My mother always tells me, “Be polite to everyone.” What is the indirect speech?
- My mother always tells me that I was polite to everyone.
- My mother always tells me that I be polite to everyone.
- My mother always tells me to be polite to everyone.
- My mother always told me to be polite to everyone.
Answer: My mother always tells me to be polite to everyone.
Explanation: The reporting verb ‘tells’ is in the present simple, so the tense of the reported speech does not change. For an imperative, ‘to’ + infinitive is used.
20. He announced, “The concert has been postponed.” What is the indirect speech?
- He announced that the concert has been postponed.
- He announced that the concert was postponed.
- He announced that the concert had been postponed.
- He announced that the concert would be postponed.
Answer: He announced that the concert had been postponed.
Explanation: Present perfect tense (has been postponed) changes to past perfect tense (had been postponed) in indirect speech.
21. The girl asked, “Do you know the answer?”
- The girl asked if I know the answer.
- The girl asked if I knew the answer.
- The girl asked that I knew the answer.
- The girl asked if you knew the answer.
Answer: The girl asked if I knew the answer.
Explanation: For a yes/no question in present simple, use ‘if’/’whether’ and change to past simple, removing ‘do’.
22. They promised, “We will help you with the renovation.”
- They promised that they will help me with the renovation.
- They promised that they would help you with the renovation.
- They promised that they would help me with the renovation.
- They promised that we would help you with the renovation.
Answer: They promised that they would help me with the renovation.
Explanation: ‘Will’ changes to ‘would’. ‘We’ changes to ‘they’ and ‘you’ changes to ‘me’ if the original direct speech was directed at the speaker.
23. Sarah said, “I have finished my work just now.”
- Sarah said that she has finished her work just now.
- Sarah said that she had finished her work just now.
- Sarah said that she had finished her work just then.
- Sarah said that I had finished my work just then.
Answer: Sarah said that she had finished her work just then.
Explanation: Present perfect changes to past perfect. ‘Just now’ changes to ‘just then’.
24. My friend advised, “You ought to apologize to him.”
- My friend advised me that I ought to apologize to him.
- My friend advised me to apologize to him.
- My friend advised me that I should apologize to him.
- My friend advised me apologize to him.
Answer: My friend advised me to apologize to him.
Explanation: ‘Ought to’ expressing advice can be converted using ‘to’ + infinitive with an advising reporting verb.
25. The student complained, “This exam is too difficult.”
- The student complained that this exam was too difficult.
- The student complained that that exam is too difficult.
- The student complained that that exam was too difficult.
- The student complained that the exam was too difficult.
Answer: The student complained that that exam was too difficult.
Explanation: ‘This’ changes to ‘that’ and ‘is’ changes to ‘was’.
26. He stated, “I am feeling much better today.”
- He stated that he is feeling much better today.
- He stated that he was feeling much better today.
- He stated that he was feeling much better that day.
- He stated that I was feeling much better that day.
Answer: He stated that he was feeling much better that day.
Explanation: Present continuous changes to past continuous. ‘Today’ changes to ‘that day’.
27. She asked her brother, “Did you lock the door?”
- She asked her brother if he locked the door.
- She asked her brother if he did lock the door.
- She asked her brother if he had locked the door.
- She asked her brother that he had locked the door.
Answer: She asked her brother if he had locked the door.
Explanation: Past simple (did lock) changes to past perfect (had locked). ‘If’ is used for yes/no questions.
28. The sign says, “No Parking here.”
- The sign says no parking here.
- The sign says not to park here.
- The sign says not to park there.
- The sign said not to park there.
Answer: The sign says not to park there.
Explanation: When the reporting verb is in present tense (‘says’), the tense inside the reported speech doesn’t change. Imperative negative becomes ‘not to’ + infinitive. ‘Here’ changes to ‘there’.
29. My uncle remarked, “I bought this car two years ago.”
- My uncle remarked that he bought this car two years ago.
- My uncle remarked that he had bought this car two years ago.
- My uncle remarked that he had bought that car two years before.
- My uncle remarked that he bought that car two years before.
Answer: My uncle remarked that he had bought that car two years before.
Explanation: Past simple (bought) changes to past perfect (had bought). ‘This’ changes to ‘that’. ‘Ago’ changes to ‘before’.
30. He boasted, “I can speak five languages fluently.”
- He boasted that he can speak five languages fluently.
- He boasted that he might speak five languages fluently.
- He boasted that he could speak five languages fluently.
- He boasted that I could speak five languages fluently.
Answer: He boasted that he could speak five languages fluently.
Explanation: ‘Can’ changes to ‘could’.
Short Answer
1. Convert the following sentence into indirect speech: She said, “I want a cup of coffee.”
Answer: She said that she wanted a cup of coffee.
Explanation: The present simple tense ‘want’ changes to past simple ‘wanted’. The pronoun ‘I’ changes to ‘she’ to agree with the subject of the reporting verb.
2. Convert the following sentence into indirect speech: My teacher asked, “Have you finished your assignment?”
Answer: My teacher asked if I had finished my assignment.
Explanation: For a yes/no question, ‘if’ or ‘whether’ is used. The present perfect tense ‘have finished’ changes to past perfect ‘had finished’. The pronoun ‘you’ changes to ‘I’.
3. Convert the following sentence into indirect speech: He ordered, “Bring me that file!”
Answer: He ordered me to bring him that file.
Explanation: For an imperative sentence, ‘to’ + infinitive is used. ‘Me’ changes to ‘him’ and ‘that file’ remains the same as it’s already a demonstrative pronoun in direct speech. ‘Me’ is added as the implied object of ‘ordered’.
4. Convert the following sentence into indirect speech: The kids shouted, “We are going to the park now!”
Answer: The kids shouted that they were going to the park then.
Explanation: Present continuous ‘are going’ changes to past continuous ‘were going’. ‘We’ changes to ‘they’. ‘Now’ changes to ‘then’.
5. Convert the following sentence into indirect speech: My sister said to me, “I can meet you here tomorrow.”
Answer: My sister told me that she could meet me there the next day.
Explanation: ‘Said to me’ becomes ‘told me’. ‘Can’ changes to ‘could’. ‘Here’ changes to ‘there’. ‘Tomorrow’ changes to ‘the next day’ (or ‘the following day’). Pronouns ‘I’ and ‘you’ adjust to ‘she’ and ‘me’ respectively.
Essay
1. Explain the major tense changes that occur when converting a direct speech statement into indirect speech. Provide examples for at least three different tenses.
Answer: When converting direct speech into indirect speech, the tenses often ‘backshift’ (move one step back into the past) if the reporting verb is in the past tense. Here are three major changes: 1. **Present Simple to Past Simple**: A statement like “I live in Jakarta” becomes “He said that he lived in Jakarta.” The verb ‘live’ (present simple) shifts to ‘lived’ (past simple). 2. **Present Continuous to Past Continuous**: A statement like “I am reading a book” becomes “She said that she was reading a book.” ‘Am reading’ (present continuous) shifts to ‘was reading’ (past continuous). 3. **Present Perfect to Past Perfect**: A statement like “I have finished my work” becomes “He said that he had finished his work.” ‘Have finished’ (present perfect) shifts to ‘had finished’ (past perfect). 4. **Past Simple to Past Perfect**: A statement like “I went to the market” becomes “She said that she had gone to the market.” ‘Went’ (past simple) shifts to ‘had gone’ (past perfect). (Other examples could include ‘will’ to ‘would’, ‘can’ to ‘could’, ‘may’ to ‘might’.)
Explanation: This answer correctly identifies the need for tense backshift and provides clear examples for different tense transformations, demonstrating a solid understanding of the rules.
2. Discuss the rules for converting direct questions (both Yes/No questions and Wh-questions) into indirect speech. Include examples for each type.
Answer: Converting direct questions to indirect speech involves several key rules: 1. **Reporting Verb**: The reporting verb usually changes from ‘said’ or ‘asked’ to ‘asked’, ‘enquired’, ‘wondered’, ‘wanted to know’, etc. 2. **Sentence Structure**: The indirect question takes the form of an affirmative sentence, not an interrogative one. The auxiliary verb (do, did) is usually dropped. 3. **Conjunction for Yes/No Questions**: For direct questions that can be answered with ‘yes’ or ‘no’ (e.g., “Are you busy?”), we use ‘if’ or ‘whether’ as the conjunction. Example: Direct: “She asked, ‘Are you busy?'” Indirect: “She asked if I was busy.” 4. **Conjunction for Wh-Questions**: For direct questions that begin with a Wh-word (who, what, when, where, why, how), the Wh-word itself acts as the conjunction. Example: Direct: “He asked, ‘Where do you live?'” Indirect: “He asked where I lived.” 5. **Tense Changes**: Tenses backshift according to the standard rules (e.g., present simple to past simple, present continuous to past continuous), provided the reporting verb is in the past tense. 6. **Pronoun and Adverb Changes**: Pronouns and time/place adverbs are adjusted as necessary. This ensures the reported question flows naturally as part of a statement.
Explanation: The answer comprehensively covers the transformation rules for both types of questions, including reporting verbs, sentence structure, conjunctions, and tense changes, supported by clear examples.
3. Explain how imperative sentences (commands, requests, advice) are converted into indirect speech. Provide two distinct examples.
Answer: Imperative sentences in direct speech express commands, requests, or advice. When converted to indirect speech, they typically use an infinitive phrase (to + verb) instead of a conjunction like ‘that’ or ‘if/whether’. 1. **Reporting Verb**: The reporting verb changes to reflect the nature of the imperative. Common verbs include ‘ordered’, ‘commanded’, ‘requested’, ‘asked’, ‘advised’, ‘warned’, ‘told’, ‘begged’, etc. 2. **Structure**: The structure becomes `reporting verb + object (the person being told/asked) + to + base form of the verb`. 3. **Negative Imperatives**: For negative imperatives, the structure is `reporting verb + object + not to + base form of the verb`. **Examples**: * **Command**: Direct: “The captain ordered, ‘Fire!”” Indirect: “The captain ordered them to fire.” * **Request**: Direct: “She said to me, ‘Please help me with this.'” Indirect: “She requested me to help her with that.” * **Advice**: Direct: “My doctor said, ‘Stop smoking!'” Indirect: “My doctor advised me to stop smoking.”
Explanation: This explanation correctly outlines the core mechanism of using ‘to + infinitive’ for imperatives, lists appropriate reporting verbs, and provides diverse examples to illustrate the concept clearly.
4. Discuss two situations where the tense in reported speech (indirect speech) does NOT change, even if the reporting verb is in the past tense.
Answer: While tense backshift is a primary rule in converting to indirect speech, there are specific situations where the tense remains unchanged, even with a past tense reporting verb: 1. **Universal Truths, Scientific Facts, or Permanent States**: If the direct speech expresses a general truth, a scientific fact, or a permanent condition that is still true, the tense in the reported clause does not change. Example: Direct: “The teacher said, ‘The Earth revolves around the Sun.'” Indirect: “The teacher said that the Earth revolves around the Sun.” (Not ‘revolved’.) The fact remains true. 2. **When the Reported Action is Still True or Relevant**: If the reported statement is still true or relevant at the time of reporting, the tense may not change, particularly in informal contexts or when the speaker wants to emphasize the current relevance. Example: Direct: “He said, ‘I am feeling sick.'” (He is still feeling sick now) Indirect: “He said that he is feeling sick.” (Though ‘was feeling sick’ is also acceptable, ‘is feeling sick’ emphasizes the ongoing state.) This is more common with verbs like ‘say’ and ‘tell’ rather than ‘exclaim’ or ‘shout’. These exceptions maintain the accuracy and currency of the information being conveyed.
Explanation: The answer accurately identifies two key exceptions to the tense backshift rule: universal truths and statements that remain true at the time of reporting, providing relevant examples for each.
5. Analyze the common changes in time and place adverbs when converting direct speech to indirect speech. Provide examples for at least three different adverbial changes.
Answer: When converting direct speech to indirect speech, specific adverbs of time and place need to be changed to reflect the new temporal and spatial context of the reporting. These changes are crucial for the logical coherence of the indirect statement. Here are common examples: 1. **’Now’ becomes ‘Then’**: This change reflects that the action occurring ‘now’ in direct speech has already happened by the time it is reported. Example: Direct: “He said, ‘I am busy now.'” Indirect: “He said that he was busy then.” 2. **’Today’ becomes ‘That day’**: Similar to ‘now’, ‘today’ refers to the specific day of the direct speech. In indirect speech, it changes to ‘that day’ to refer to the same day from a past perspective. Example: Direct: “She said, ‘I will leave today.'” Indirect: “She said that she would leave that day.” 3. **’Yesterday’ becomes ‘The day before’ (or ‘The previous day’)**: ‘Yesterday’ refers to the day preceding the direct speech. In reported speech, it’s adjusted to ‘the day before’ or ‘the previous day’. Example: Direct: “They said, ‘We arrived yesterday.'” Indirect: “They said that they had arrived the day before.” 4. **’Tomorrow’ becomes ‘The next day’ (or ‘The following day’)**: ‘Tomorrow’ refers to the day after the direct speech. It changes to ‘the next day’ or ‘the following day’ in indirect speech. Example: Direct: “He promised, ‘I will call you tomorrow.'” Indirect: “He promised that he would call me the next day.” 5. **’Here’ becomes ‘There’**: ‘Here’ indicates proximity to the speaker of direct speech. In indirect speech, the location is usually no longer ‘here’, so it changes to ‘there’. Example: Direct: “She said, ‘Sit here.'” Indirect: “She told me to sit there.” These changes ensure that the indirect speech accurately conveys the original message in its new temporal and spatial framework.
Explanation: This answer thoroughly explains the necessity of changing time and place adverbs and provides several clear examples, demonstrating a good grasp of the rules.
Matching
1. Match the direct speech sentence on the left with its correct indirect speech conversion on the right.
| She said, “I am happy.” | She said that she was happy. |
| He asked, “What is your name?” | He asked what my name was. |
| My mother told me, “Clean your room.” | My mother told me to clean my room. |
| They said, “We will come tomorrow.” | They said that they would come the next day. |
Answer: 1. She said, “I am happy.” matches with She said that she was happy. 2. He asked, “What is your name?” matches with He asked what my name was. 3. My mother told me, “Clean your room.” matches with My mother told me to clean my room. 4. They said, “We will come tomorrow.” matches with They said that they would come the next day.
Explanation: This exercise tests the ability to correctly apply tense changes, pronoun adjustments, and conjunction usage for different types of sentences.
2. Match the direct speech sentence (including the reporting verb) on the left with its most appropriate indirect speech conversion on the right.
| “I bought a new phone last week,” she informed me. | She informed me that she had bought a new phone the previous week. |
| “Can you help me with this box?” he requested. | He requested if I could help him with that box. |
| “Don’t go near the edge!” the guide warned us. | The guide warned us not to go near the edge. |
| “The flight departs at 10 AM,” the announcement stated. | The announcement stated that the flight departed at 10 AM. |
| “I have been working here for five years,” he explained. | He explained that he had been working there for five years. |
Answer: 1. “I bought a new phone last week,” she informed me. matches with She informed me that she had bought a new phone the previous week. 2. “Can you help me with this box?” he requested. matches with He requested if I could help him with that box. 3. “Don’t go near the edge!” the guide warned us. matches with The guide warned us not to go near the edge. 4. “The flight departs at 10 AM,” the announcement stated. matches with The announcement stated that the flight departed at 10 AM. 5. “I have been working here for five years,” he explained. matches with He explained that he had been working there for five years.
Explanation: This exercise evaluates the correct application of tense backshift, pronoun changes, adverbial changes, and the proper use of ‘if’/’to’ for questions and imperatives, considering various reporting verbs.