Menguasai Report Text Bahasa Inggris: Latihan Soal Komprehensif dan Kunci Jawaban

1. The primary social function of a report text is to…

• Entertain the reader with a story
• Persuade the reader to agree with an opinion
• Present information about something generally
• Describe a particular person or thing

Answer: Present information about something generally

Explanation: Report texts aim to classify and describe phenomena of the natural or social world, presenting objective information about them.

2. Which of the following is characteristic of the ‘General Classification’ section in a report text?

• It provides personal opinions of the writer
• It states what the phenomenon under discussion is
• It describes specific characteristics of a single item
• It tells the sequence of events

Answer: It states what the phenomenon under discussion is

Explanation: The General Classification introduces the subject and defines it, providing a broad overview before specific details.

3. Report texts commonly use ‘general nouns’. Which of the following is an example of a general noun?

• My dog Buddy
• The Eiffel Tower
• Dogs
• Mount Everest

Answer: Dogs

Explanation: General nouns refer to a class of things (e.g., ‘Dogs’, ‘Trees’, ‘Planets’), not a specific individual (e.g., ‘Buddy’, ‘The Oak Tree’).

4. Read the following sentence: ‘Whales are sea mammals.’ This sentence is an example of which language feature in a report text?

• Action verbs
• Connectives
• Technical terms
• Relating verbs (linking verbs)

Answer: Relating verbs (linking verbs)

Explanation: Relating verbs (like ‘are’, ‘is’, ‘have’, ‘belong to’) are used to state facts and characteristics in report texts.

5. What tense is predominantly used in report texts?

• Simple Past Tense
• Present Perfect Tense
• Simple Future Tense
• Simple Present Tense

Answer: Simple Present Tense

Explanation: Report texts use the Simple Present Tense to describe general truths, facts, and characteristics that are always true.

6. Which sentence from a report text uses passive voice correctly?

• Scientists study the formation of diamonds.
• Diamonds are formed under high pressure deep within the Earth.
• People value diamonds for their beauty.
• The Earth creates diamonds over millions of years.

Answer: Diamonds are formed under high pressure deep within the Earth.

Explanation: Passive voice is often used in report texts to emphasize the action or object rather than the doer. ‘Are formed’ is a passive construction.

7. Consider this text: ‘Sharks are a group of elasmobranch fish characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head.’ What is the main idea of this sentence?

• Where sharks live
• The diet of sharks
• The defining characteristics of sharks
• How sharks reproduce

Answer: The defining characteristics of sharks

Explanation: The sentence lists the key features that define sharks, providing their characteristics.

8. If a report text is titled ‘The Solar System’, which of the following topics would most likely be discussed in its ‘Description’ section?

• A general definition of what a solar system is
• The history of space exploration
• The planets’ orbits and compositions
• The writer’s favorite planet

Answer: The planets’ orbits and compositions

Explanation: The ‘Description’ section details the characteristics, parts, and behavior of the subject. The orbits and compositions are specific characteristics of planets within the solar system.

9. A report text aims to be objective. What does ‘objective’ mean in this context?

• Written in a formal style
• Based on facts, not personal feelings or opinions
• Easy to understand for everyone
• Long and detailed

Answer: Based on facts, not personal feelings or opinions

Explanation: Objectivity means presenting information without bias, relying solely on verifiable facts rather than subjective interpretations.

10. Which of these topics is LEAST suitable for a report text?

• The Lifecycle of a Butterfly
• Types of Renewable Energy
• My Unforgettable Trip to Bali
• The Geography of Indonesia

Answer: My Unforgettable Trip to Bali

Explanation: A report text focuses on general classification and description of phenomena. ‘My Unforgettable Trip to Bali’ is a personal narrative, more suitable for a recount or descriptive text.

11. In a report text about ‘Volcanoes’, which of these would be considered a ‘technical term’?

• Hot
• Earth
• Mountain
• Magma

Answer: Magma

Explanation: Technical terms are specialized vocabulary related to the specific field of the report. ‘Magma’ is a geological term related to volcanoes.

12. A report text often includes words that indicate comparisons or contrasts. Which of these words is NOT typically used for comparison/contrast in a report text?

• However
• In contrast
• Similarly
• Suddenly

Answer: Suddenly

Explanation: ‘Suddenly’ indicates a sudden event or sequence, which is more common in narrative or procedural texts, not typically for comparing general facts.

13. Which part of a report text would provide details about a specific animal’s habitat, diet, and reproduction?

• General Classification
• Title
• Recommendation
• Description

Answer: Description

Explanation: The ‘Description’ section elaborates on the characteristics, parts, qualities, habits, and behavior of the phenomenon being reported.

14. What is the distinction between a report text and a descriptive text regarding their focus?

• Report text uses present tense, descriptive text uses past tense.
• Report text focuses on a general class, descriptive text on a specific entity.
• Report text is for entertainment, descriptive text is for information.
• Report text includes opinions, descriptive text is objective.

Answer: Report text focuses on a general class, descriptive text on a specific entity.

Explanation: A report text describes things in general (e.g., ‘dogs’), while a descriptive text describes a particular thing (e.g., ‘my dog, Buddy’).

15. The sentence ‘Kangaroos are marsupials native to Australia’ belongs to which part of a report text about kangaroos?

• Description
• Conclusion
• General Classification
• Introduction of the writer

Answer: General Classification

Explanation: This sentence introduces kangaroos and classifies them, which is the function of the General Classification section.

16. In a report text about ‘Rainforests’, the sentence ‘They are home to half of the world’s plant and animal species’ functions as…

• a personal opinion
• a command
• a question
• a statement of characteristic

Answer: a statement of characteristic

Explanation: This sentence provides a factual characteristic of rainforests, detailing one of their key features.

17. Which of these language features helps a report text maintain its factual and objective tone?

• Use of strong emotional adjectives
• Frequent use of rhetorical questions
• Inclusion of first-person pronouns (I, we)
• Use of general nouns and relating verbs

Answer: Use of general nouns and relating verbs

Explanation: General nouns refer to classes of things, and relating verbs state facts, both contributing to the objective and factual nature of report texts.

18. Read the text: ‘The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies.’ What is the purpose of this text?

• To persuade users to use the Internet
• To tell a story about the Internet’s creation
• To give instructions on how to use the Internet
• To provide a general definition and characteristics of the Internet

Answer: To provide a general definition and characteristics of the Internet

Explanation: The text defines the Internet and describes its general structure, which is the purpose of a report text.

19. When a report text mentions ‘mammals’, it is using a…

• Proper noun
• Specific noun
• Personal pronoun
• General noun

Answer: General noun

Explanation: ‘Mammals’ refers to a category or class of animals, making it a general noun.

20. Which statement best describes the difference in scope between report and descriptive texts?

• Report texts focus on opinions, descriptive texts focus on facts.
• Report texts use complex sentences, descriptive texts use simple sentences.
• Report texts describe things as they are in general, while descriptive texts describe specific examples.
• Report texts are always longer than descriptive texts.

Answer: Report texts describe things as they are in general, while descriptive texts describe specific examples.

Explanation: Report texts cover a whole class or group (e.g., ‘tigers’ in general), whereas descriptive texts focus on a single, unique entity (e.g., ‘the tiger at the zoo’).

1. Define ‘Report Text’ in your own words.

Answer: A report text is a type of informational text that presents objective and factual information about a subject, phenomenon, or topic in general. It aims to describe things as they are, without including personal opinions or biases.

Explanation: A good definition should highlight the key aspects: informational, objective, factual, general, and aims to describe ‘as they are’.

2. Mention two common language features of a report text.

Answer: 1. Use of general nouns (e.g., ‘animals’, ‘mountains’). 2. Use of relating verbs / linking verbs (e.g., ‘is’, ‘are’, ‘have’). Other correct answers include: Simple Present Tense, Technical terms, use of passive voice, use of descriptive language (without subjective adjectives), use of conjunctions.

Explanation: The most fundamental language features often include general nouns for broad subjects and relating verbs to state facts and characteristics, along with Simple Present Tense.

3. What is the main difference between the ‘General Classification’ and the ‘Description’ sections in a report text?

Answer: The ‘General Classification’ introduces the subject and defines what it is in general. The ‘Description’ section then elaborates on its parts, characteristics, qualities, habits, or behavior in detail.

Explanation: The key difference lies in their scope: General Classification provides the broad ‘what it is’, while Description provides the detailed ‘what it’s like’ or ‘what it has’.

4. If a text describes ‘the beautiful, fluffy white cat named Snowball that lives next door’, is it a Report Text or a Descriptive Text? Explain briefly.

Answer: It is a Descriptive Text. It focuses on a specific, particular entity (‘Snowball’) and uses subjective adjectives (‘beautiful’, ‘fluffy white’) to describe its unique appearance, rather than describing ‘cats’ in general.

Explanation: The use of a specific name and subjective adjectives pointing to a single instance are hallmarks of descriptive text, contrasting with the generality and objectivity of a report text.

5. What kind of verbs are commonly used in Report Texts to describe characteristics and states rather than actions?

Answer: Relating verbs or Linking verbs (e.g., ‘is’, ‘are’, ‘has’, ‘belong to’, ‘consist of’).

Explanation: Relating verbs are crucial for stating facts, definitions, and inherent characteristics in a report text, connecting the subject to its attributes.

1. Write a short report text (approx. 80-100 words) about ‘Komodo Dragons’.

Answer: Komodo dragons (Varanus komodoensis) are large species of lizard found in the Indonesian islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, and Gili Motang. They are the largest living species of lizard, growing up to 3 meters (10 feet) in length and weighing around 70 kilograms (150 lb). These formidable predators possess long, flat heads with rounded snouts, powerful tails, and strong, curved claws. Komodo dragons are carnivores and primarily hunt and ambush prey, including invertebrates, birds, and mammals. They have venomous bites and are known for their exceptional sense of smell, aiding them in locating carrion from long distances.

Explanation: A good answer should include a clear General Classification (defining Komodo dragons) and a Description section detailing their physical characteristics, habitat, diet, and unique features. It should be factual, objective, and use language typical of a report text (general nouns, present tense, relating verbs).

2. Explain the social function and generic structure of a Report Text in detail, providing examples for each component.

Answer: The **social function** of a Report Text is to present information about something generally, based on systematic observation and analysis. It aims to classify and describe the phenomenon (natural, man-made, or social) as it is, without including personal opinions, to increase the reader’s knowledge. The **generic structure** of a Report Text typically consists of two main parts: 1. **General Classification**: This section introduces the subject of the report and states what the phenomenon is. It provides a general statement about the topic, classifying it within a broader group. * Example: ‘Tigers are the largest living cat species and belong to the genus Panthera.’ (This classifies ‘tigers’ as ‘cat species’ and specifies their genus.) 2. **Description**: This section provides detailed information about the phenomenon, elaborating on its characteristics, qualities, parts, habits, or behavior. It describes the subject objectively. * Example: ‘They are known for their distinctive black stripes on orange fur, which helps them camouflage in tall grasses. Tigers are solitary hunters and primarily prey on large ungulates.’ (This describes their physical appearance, hunting habits, and diet.) Both sections use factual, objective language, general nouns, and often the simple present tense to convey timeless truths.

Explanation: A comprehensive answer should clearly define the social function (informational, general, objective). For the generic structure, it needs to outline both ‘General Classification’ and ‘Description’, explain what each component entails, and provide distinct examples for each part that illustrate their function.

3. Compare and contrast Report Text with Descriptive Text. Discuss their social functions, generic structures, and typical language features.

Answer: Report Text and Descriptive Text both aim to describe, but they differ significantly in focus, purpose, and structure: **Social Function:** * **Report Text:** To present information about something generally. It aims to classify and describe a whole class of phenomena (e.g., ‘dogs’ in general) based on factual observation. * **Descriptive Text:** To describe a particular person, place, or thing. It aims to create a vivid mental image for the reader about a specific entity (e.g., ‘my dog, Buddy’). **Generic Structure:** * **Report Text:** 1. **General Classification:** Introduces the subject and states what it is in general. 2. **Description:** Details the characteristics, parts, habits, or behavior of the general subject. * **Descriptive Text:** 1. **Identification:** Introduces the particular person, place, or thing being described. 2. **Description:** Details the unique qualities, appearance, characteristics, or actions of that specific entity. **Language Features:** * **Report Text:** * Uses general nouns (e.g., ‘mammals’, ‘flowers’). * Uses relating verbs (e.g., ‘is’, ‘are’, ‘have’, ‘belong to’) to state facts. * Mainly uses Simple Present Tense. * Uses technical terms relevant to the topic. * Objective and factual language, avoiding personal opinions. * **Descriptive Text:** * Uses specific nouns (e.g., ‘my cat Fluffy’, ‘the Eiffel Tower’). * Often uses action verbs (e.g., ‘runs’, ‘shines’) and sensing verbs (e.g., ‘looks’, ‘feels’). * Uses various tenses depending on the description, but often present tense for ongoing characteristics. * Uses many adjectives to describe specific qualities (e.g., ‘beautiful’, ‘sparkling’, ‘gigantic’). * Can be subjective, conveying the writer’s impression or feelings about the specific entity. In essence, Report Text generalizes and categorizes, while Descriptive Text particularizes and individualizes.

Explanation: A complete answer should explicitly compare and contrast all three requested aspects: social function, generic structure, and language features for both text types. Providing clear examples or specific differences for each point is crucial for a high score.

4. Analyze the importance of objective and factual information in a Report Text. What could be the consequences of including opinions or subjective descriptions?

Answer: Objective and factual information is paramount in a Report Text because its primary social function is to inform and educate the reader about a general phenomenon ‘as it is’. Reports aim to present verifiable truths and established knowledge, not personal interpretations. By relying on facts, the text maintains credibility and trustworthiness, allowing the reader to build an accurate understanding of the subject. Including opinions or subjective descriptions would have several negative consequences: 1. **Loss of Credibility:** The text would be perceived as biased or unreliable. Readers might question the accuracy of the information presented. 2. **Misinformation:** Subjective descriptions can mislead readers, presenting personal views as universal truths. This could lead to incorrect understanding or false assumptions about the topic. 3. **Confusion:** Mixing facts with opinions can make it difficult for readers to distinguish between verifiable information and personal interpretation, undermining the clarity of the report. 4. **Failure of Social Function:** The text would fail to achieve its core purpose of providing general, objective information. Instead, it might resemble a persuasive essay or a personal recount rather than an authoritative report. 5. **Reduced Authority:** A report filled with subjective content loses its authority as a source of knowledge, becoming less valuable for academic, scientific, or general informational purposes.

Explanation: The answer should first establish *why* objectivity is important (social function, credibility). Then, it must detail specific negative consequences of including subjective elements, such as loss of credibility, misinformation, confusion, and failure to fulfill its communicative purpose. Each consequence should be clearly articulated.

5. Imagine you are writing a report text about ‘The Internet’. Outline the points you would include in the ‘General Classification’ section and the ‘Description’ section.

Answer: **General Classification:** * Definition: The Internet as a global system of interconnected computer networks. * Classification: A network of networks; a public, worldwide accessible system. * Core Function: Its purpose to link devices globally and facilitate data exchange. **Description:** * **Structure/Components:** * Uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP). * Consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks. * Linked by various technologies: electronic, wireless, optical networking. * **Functionality/Uses:** * Enables vast array of information services (WWW, email, file sharing). * Supports communication, commerce, research, entertainment. * Operates continuously, 24/7. * **Characteristics:** * Decentralized nature. * Constantly evolving and expanding. * Global reach and accessibility. * Relies on standardized protocols for interoperability.

Explanation: A strong answer will clearly separate points into the two generic structure components. The ‘General Classification’ should provide a broad, defining overview. The ‘Description’ should then offer specific details about the Internet’s structure, components, functions, uses, and characteristics, all presented objectively.

1. Match the generic structures of a Report Text with their corresponding definitions.

Answer: See pairs

Explanation: Match each generic structure component on the left with its correct definition on the right.

2. Match the language features of a Report Text with their examples or typical uses.

Answer: See pairs

Explanation: Match each language feature on the left with an example or its typical use on the right.