Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris Kelas 12 SMA/SMK Pilihan Ganda, Essay, dan Jawaban Lengkap

1. The manager told me that I ______ present the report by Friday.

• must
• have to
• had to
• should

Answer: had to

Explanation: This is a reported speech sentence. ‘Must’ or ‘have to’ in direct speech changes to ‘had to’ in reported speech when the reporting verb is in the past tense (‘told’).

2. If I ______ a car, I ______ travel around the country.

• have, will
• had, would
• had, will
• have, would

Answer: had, would

Explanation: This is a Type 2 Conditional sentence (unreal present/future). The structure is ‘If + Past Simple, would + base form’.

3. The new bridge ______ next year.

• will open
• is opening
• will be opened
• is going to open

Answer: will be opened

Explanation: This sentence requires the future passive voice because the bridge (subject) receives the action of opening. The structure is ‘will be + past participle’.

4. She remembers ______ to the zoo when she was a child.

• to go
• go
• going
• went

Answer: going

Explanation: The verb ‘remember’ can be followed by a gerund (-ing form) when referring to a past memory or an infinitive (to + verb) when referring to remembering to do something. In this context, it’s a past memory.

5. ______ it rains tomorrow, we will postpone the picnic.

• Although
• Despite
• If
• Because

Answer: If

Explanation: ‘If’ introduces a conditional clause, stating a condition for the main clause to happen. ‘Although’ and ‘Despite’ indicate contrast, and ‘Because’ indicates reason.

6. He regretted ______ so much money on unnecessary things.

• to spend
• spend
• spending
• spent

Answer: spending

Explanation: The verb ‘regret’ is followed by a gerund when expressing sorrow or repentance for a past action.

7. The analytical exposition text aims to ______.

• entertain the reader with a story
• describe a particular person or thing
• persuade the reader that something is the case
• explain how something works or why something happens

Answer: persuade the reader that something is the case

Explanation: An analytical exposition text presents an argument or point of view and tries to persuade the reader that it is true or valid, typically by presenting evidence and reasoning.

8. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good thesis statement?

• It is debatable.
• It is specific and focused.
• It is a question that needs to be answered.
• It appears in the introductory paragraph.

Answer: It is a question that needs to be answered.

Explanation: A thesis statement is a declarative sentence that states the main argument or point of an essay. It should not be a question.

9. The phrase ‘cut corners’ means ______.

• to trim the edges of something
• to take a shortcut in a race
• to do something in the easiest or cheapest way, often by sacrificing quality
• to divide something into smaller pieces

Answer: to do something in the easiest or cheapest way, often by sacrificing quality

Explanation: ‘Cut corners’ is an idiom meaning to do something quickly or cheaply, often resulting in lower quality.

10. Before ______ to bed, she always locks the door.

• go
• to go
• goes
• going

Answer: going

Explanation: After prepositions (like ‘before’, ‘after’, ‘by’, ‘for’, ‘with’, ‘without’), verbs are typically followed by the gerund (-ing form).

11. Had he studied harder, he ______ the exam.

• would pass
• will pass
• would have passed
• had passed

Answer: would have passed

Explanation: This is an inverted Third Conditional sentence. The full form is ‘If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam.’ The structure ‘Had + Subject + Past Participle’ replaces ‘If + Subject + Past Perfect’.

12. She is accustomed to ______ early in the morning.

• wake up
• to wake up
• waking up
• woke up

Answer: waking up

Explanation: ‘Be accustomed to’ is a common expression followed by a gerund (verb + -ing form).

13. The news ______ shocking to everyone present.

• were
• are
• is
• was

Answer: was

Explanation: ‘News’ is an uncountable noun in English and takes a singular verb, even though it ends in ‘s’.

14. The government launched a new campaign ______ raise awareness about environmental protection.

• for
• in order
• to
• so that

Answer: to

Explanation: The infinitive ‘to + base verb’ is used to express purpose, answering the question ‘why?’.

15. By the time he arrived, the concert ______ already started.

• has
• have
• had
• was

Answer: had

Explanation: This sentence uses the past perfect tense (‘had started’) to indicate an action that was completed before another action in the past (‘he arrived’).

16. What is the primary purpose of a discussion text?

• To entertain the reader with a fictional story.
• To describe the features of a particular object.
• To present different points of view on an issue.
• To provide a step-by-step guide on how to do something.

Answer: To present different points of view on an issue.

Explanation: A discussion text typically explores an issue by presenting arguments for and against it, allowing the reader to form their own opinion.

17. He denied ______ the money.

• to steal
• steal
• stealing
• stole

Answer: stealing

Explanation: The verb ‘deny’ is typically followed by a gerund (-ing form).

18. The scientist explained ______ the experiment worked.

• what
• why
• where
• how

Answer: how

Explanation: ‘How’ is used here as a conjunction to introduce a noun clause, explaining the manner or method of the experiment.

19. Neither of the students ______ submitted their assignment yet.

• have
• are
• do
• has

Answer: has

Explanation: When ‘neither of’ is used with a plural noun, the verb should generally be singular because ‘neither’ refers to ‘not one’ (singular).

20. She looks forward to ______ her grandmother next month.

• visit
• to visit
• visiting
• visited

Answer: visiting

Explanation: The phrase ‘look forward to’ is an idiom followed by a gerund (verb + -ing form), as ‘to’ here is a preposition, not part of an infinitive.

1. Explain the difference between ‘affect’ and ‘effect’.

Answer: ‘Affect’ is typically used as a verb meaning to influence or impact something. ‘Effect’ is typically used as a noun meaning the result or outcome of an action or cause.

Explanation: This question tests understanding of commonly confused words in English. ‘Affect’ is a verb (‘The weather affected my mood’), while ‘effect’ is a noun (‘The effect of the rain was puddles’).

2. What is the function of a topic sentence in a paragraph?

Answer: A topic sentence states the main idea or central point of a paragraph. It sets the focus for the rest of the sentences in that paragraph.

Explanation: This question assesses knowledge of paragraph structure and the role of a topic sentence in maintaining coherence and unity within writing.

3. Change the following sentence into the passive voice: ‘Someone has stolen my wallet.’

Answer: My wallet has been stolen.

Explanation: To change to passive voice in present perfect, the structure is ‘object + has/have been + past participle of the verb’. The agent (‘someone’) is often omitted if unknown or unimportant.

4. What does the idiom ‘to hit the nail on the head’ mean?

Answer: It means to describe exactly what is causing a situation or problem, or to say something that is precisely right.

Explanation: This question tests knowledge of common English idioms and their meanings. Understanding idioms is crucial for natural language comprehension.

5. Provide an example of a Type 3 Conditional sentence.

Answer: If I had known you were coming, I would have baked a cake. (Variations are acceptable as long as they follow the ‘If + Past Perfect, would have + Past Participle’ structure.)

Explanation: This question checks understanding of advanced conditional sentence structures, specifically Type 3, which refers to hypothetical situations in the past.

1. Write an analytical exposition text of at least 150 words arguing for or against the use of smartphones in the classroom. Include a clear thesis statement, supporting arguments, and a concluding remark.

Answer: Model Answer: **The Detrimental Impact of Smartphones in the Classroom** The pervasive presence of smartphones in modern society has undeniably transformed communication and information access. While they offer numerous benefits, their integration into the classroom environment presents significant challenges that ultimately hinder the learning process. Therefore, I strongly argue that the use of smartphones should be strictly restricted during instructional hours. Firstly, smartphones are a major source of distraction. Notifications from social media, messages, and games constantly compete for students’ attention, diverting them from lectures and classroom activities. This leads to decreased engagement, poor concentration, and a substantial reduction in the quality of learning. Even when used for ‘educational’ purposes, the temptation to stray to non-academic content is immense and often irresistible for many students. Secondly, the reliance on smartphones can impede the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Instead of actively engaging with material or collaboratively solving problems, students might resort to quickly searching for answers online. This ‘quick fix’ approach discourages deep understanding and memorization, essential components of genuine learning. Furthermore, it creates an over-reliance on external devices rather than fostering independent thought. Lastly, smartphones can contribute to cyberbullying and academic dishonesty. Students might use their devices to cheat on tests, share answers, or harass peers discreetly, disrupting the ethical and respectful learning environment. Monitoring such activities becomes an arduous task for educators, further complicating classroom management. In conclusion, while technology has its place in education, the uncontrolled use of smartphones in the classroom creates more problems than solutions. By limiting their presence, schools can foster a more focused, equitable, and academically rigorous environment, ensuring students receive the undivided attention and genuine learning experiences they deserve.

Explanation: This question assesses the student’s ability to construct an argumentative essay (analytical exposition) with a clear structure, logical arguments, and persuasive language. It also evaluates their command of English vocabulary and grammar in a formal writing context.

2. Describe a significant historical event and discuss its long-term impact on society. (Minimum 150 words)

Answer: Model Answer: **The Enduring Legacy of the Industrial Revolution** The Industrial Revolution, which began in Great Britain in the late 18th century and spread globally, stands as one of the most transformative periods in human history. Characterized by the shift from agrarian and handicraft economies to those dominated by industry and machine manufacturing, its long-term impacts on society are still profoundly felt today. One of the most immediate and significant impacts was the dramatic transformation of labor and urbanisation. The factory system replaced artisanal production, drawing vast populations from rural areas into rapidly expanding industrial cities. This led to unprecedented urban growth, but also to severe issues like overcrowding, poor sanitation, and harsh working conditions, particularly for women and children. While these initial conditions were grim, they eventually spurred labor reforms and the development of public services. Economically, the Industrial Revolution fundamentally reshaped global trade and wealth distribution. It led to mass production, lowering the cost of goods and making them accessible to a wider populace. However, it also created immense disparities between factory owners and workers, fueling socialist and communist ideologies. Globally, it cemented the economic dominance of industrialised nations and laid the groundwork for modern capitalism. Socially, it gave rise to new social classes, namely the industrial bourgeoisie and the urban proletariat. It also sparked significant technological innovation, from steam engines to telegraphs, which continued to accelerate progress and connectivity. The societal changes, including the rise of a middle class and increased literacy, profoundly altered political landscapes, leading to demands for greater suffrage and democratic reforms. In conclusion, the Industrial Revolution was far more than an economic shift; it was a societal upheaval that irrevocably altered human settlement patterns, economic structures, social hierarchies, and the very pace of technological advancement. Its legacy, both positive and negative, continues to shape our modern world.

Explanation: This essay question evaluates the student’s ability to describe a complex historical event and analyze its multifaceted long-term consequences, demonstrating analytical skills, historical knowledge, and coherent essay structure in English.

3. Discuss the importance of learning English as a global language in today’s interconnected world. Provide specific examples to support your points. (Minimum 150 words)

Answer: Model Answer: **The Indispensable Role of English in a Globalized World** In our increasingly interconnected world, the significance of English as a global language cannot be overstated. Its widespread adoption across various domains makes it an indispensable tool for communication, opportunity, and cultural exchange. Learning English is no longer merely an academic pursuit but a critical skill for navigating the modern global landscape. Firstly, English serves as the lingua franca of international business and diplomacy. Multinational corporations predominantly conduct their operations, negotiations, and official communications in English. From trade agreements to global conferences, proficiency in English facilitates smoother interactions and fosters better understanding between diverse nations and economies. For instance, aspiring professionals in fields like finance, technology, or international relations find English fluency essential for career advancement and global collaboration. Secondly, English is the dominant language of science, technology, and academia. The vast majority of scientific research papers, academic journals, and technological innovations are published in English. Students and researchers globally need English to access cutting-edge information, collaborate with international peers, and contribute to global knowledge. Major universities worldwide often require English proficiency tests for admission, highlighting its importance in higher education. Furthermore, English dominates the entertainment and digital media industries. Hollywood films, popular music, and global streaming platforms largely operate in English, influencing global culture. On the internet, a significant portion of content, including websites, social media, and software interfaces, is in English. This means English proficiency provides unparalleled access to information, diverse perspectives, and cultural experiences from around the globe. In conclusion, learning English offers a gateway to enhanced communication, expanded career prospects, and greater access to knowledge and culture. It empowers individuals to participate more effectively in the global community and is undoubtedly a key to unlocking opportunities in the 21st century.

Explanation: This essay prompt requires students to argue for the importance of English, demonstrating their ability to structure an argumentative essay, use appropriate vocabulary, and provide relevant examples to support their claims.

4. Imagine you are applying for a scholarship to study abroad. Write a motivational letter explaining why you deserve the scholarship and how studying abroad will benefit your future. (Minimum 150 words)

Answer: Model Answer: **Motivational Letter for [Scholarship Name]** To the esteemed Scholarship Committee, I am writing to express my profound interest in the [Scholarship Name] to pursue a Bachelor’s degree in [Your Major] at [University Name] in [Country]. As a dedicated and ambitious student from [Your School/City], I am confident that my academic achievements, leadership experience, and unwavering commitment to [Your Field] make me a deserving candidate for this prestigious award. Throughout my high school career, I have consistently strived for academic excellence, maintaining a [Your GPA/Academic Standing] while actively participating in extracurricular activities such as [e.g., debate club, science olympiad, volunteer work]. These experiences have not only honed my analytical and critical thinking skills but also instilled in me a deep passion for [Your Field], particularly [specific aspect of your field]. My project on [mention a specific project or achievement] further solidified my aspiration to delve deeper into this area of study. Studying abroad at [University Name] would be a transformative experience, offering me an unparalleled opportunity to immerse myself in a world-renowned academic environment and gain a global perspective. I am particularly drawn to [mention specific program features, professors, or research opportunities at the university]. I believe the rigorous curriculum and diverse intellectual community there will challenge me to grow both intellectually and personally, providing me with advanced knowledge and innovative approaches to problem-solving that are not readily available in my home country. Furthermore, this scholarship would significantly alleviate the financial burden, allowing me to fully concentrate on my studies and embrace the cultural exchange opportunities. Upon completing my degree, I aspire to [mention your future career goals, e.g., work in sustainable energy solutions, contribute to medical research in my country, launch a social enterprise]. The skills and global network I would gain from studying abroad, supported by your scholarship, are indispensable for achieving these ambitions and making a meaningful contribution to society. I am eager to embrace this challenge and am confident I would be an excellent ambassador for both the scholarship and my home country. Thank you for considering my application. Sincerely, [Your Name]

Explanation: This question tests the student’s ability to write a formal, persuasive letter (motivational letter or personal statement). It requires them to articulate their goals, achievements, and how the scholarship will facilitate their future aspirations, demonstrating advanced writing skills and persuasive rhetoric.

5. Analyze the themes presented in a novel or play you have read recently. How do these themes relate to contemporary society? (Minimum 150 words)

Answer: Model Answer: **The Enduring Relevance of Dystopian Themes in ‘1984’** George Orwell’s seminal dystopian novel, ‘1984,’ continues to resonate profoundly in contemporary society due to its exploration of timeless themes such as totalitarianism, surveillance, and the manipulation of truth. Written in 1949, its warnings about unchecked power remain eerily relevant in our increasingly digital and polarized world. One central theme is totalitarian control and the suppression of individual freedom. The Party, led by Big Brother, exerts absolute authority over every aspect of its citizens’ lives, from their thoughts (Thought Police) to their relationships. In contemporary society, while overt totalitarianism might be rare in democratic nations, concerns about government overreach, censorship, and the erosion of privacy through mass data collection by corporations and states echo Orwell’s warnings. The omnipresence of CCTV cameras, internet tracking, and the collection of personal data by tech giants can feel like a modern-day ‘Big Brother is watching you.’ Another crucial theme is the manipulation of truth and history, exemplified by the Ministry of Truth, which constantly rewrites historical records to suit the Party’s narrative. This concept of ‘doublethink’ – holding two contradictory beliefs simultaneously – is alarmingly pertinent in an age of ‘fake news,’ propaganda, and filter bubbles. Social media algorithms often feed individuals information that confirms their existing biases, creating insulated realities where objective truth is elusive. The ability of powerful entities to shape public perception through carefully curated information or disinformation campaigns directly mirrors the Party’s control over reality in ‘1984’. Furthermore, the novel explores the psychological impact of constant surveillance and fear, leading to conformity and the loss of individual identity. Winston Smith’s struggle to maintain his inner thoughts and rebellion highlights the human need for autonomy. This resonates with modern anxieties about living under constant digital scrutiny, where expressing dissenting opinions online can lead to real-world consequences, fostering a climate of self-censorship. In conclusion, ‘1984’ is far more than a historical artifact; it is a prescient commentary on the dangers of unchecked power, the fragility of truth, and the potential for technology to be weaponized against human freedom. Its themes serve as a vital cautionary tale, urging us to remain vigilant against forces that seek to control our minds and lives.

Explanation: This question assesses critical reading and analytical skills. Students need to identify key themes in a literary work and then connect them to current societal issues, demonstrating their ability to synthesize information and express complex ideas clearly.

1. Match the phrasal verbs with their correct meanings.

Answer: 1. Look up – to find information in a book or online. 2. Take off – to remove clothing or for an aircraft to depart. 3. Call off – to cancel an event. 4. Break down – to stop working (for a machine) or to lose control emotionally. 5. Put off – to postpone.

Explanation: This exercise tests knowledge of common English phrasal verbs, which are essential for understanding idiomatic expressions and natural communication.

2. Match the literary devices with their definitions.

Answer: 1. Metaphor – a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable. 2. Simile – a figure of speech comparing two different things using ‘like’ or ‘as’. 3. Personification – the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something non-human. 4. Alliteration – the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.

Explanation: This question assesses understanding of fundamental literary devices, which are important for analyzing texts and improving writing skills.